• Turnitin enabled 
• 1.Most U.S. and some European airlines now impose additional charges for everything but a seat on the flight. Specific seat selection, baggage, beverages, and nearly every amenity that was once included in the ticket price is now a source of “ancillary” airline revenues. Discuss whether this trend is beneficial or detrimental to passengers.
• 2.One way airports encourage more inbound-and-outbound traffic to their locations is through the marketing of discounts. In the Graham textbook on page 249 in table 7.5 you will find a list of 8 different discounts. Review these discounts and then choose an airport, domestic or international, that you feel currently uses this type of discount. You may want to conduct an internet search to help formulate your answer and replies. Discuss whether they have met the objectives as found in this table.
• The eight different airport discounts mentioned in the Graham textbook include: landing charge discount on flights to new destinations that encourage new routes, landing charge discount on all additional flights or larger aircraft which encourage new frequencies or additional capacity, landing charge discount for replacing one-stop service by non-stop that encourages new direct routes, landing charge discount for positioning flights that encourages airlines to base aircraft at the airport, transfer passenger discount which encourages growth of transfer passengers, passenger charge discount that encourages new routes and more frequencies, passenger and landing charge discounts for off-peak daytime flights which encourage new routes and frequencies while avoiding congestion and night noise, and aircraft parking charges discount thatencourage new routes and more frequencies and basing of aircraft.

Consider a solution formed by mixing 62.0 mL of 0.100 M H2SO4, 29.0 mL of 0.100 M HOCl, 25.0 mL of 0.200 M NaOH, 25.0 mL of 0.100 M Ca(OH)2, and 10.0 mL of 0.150 M KOH. Calculate the pH of this solution.Calculate the pH after 0.020 mol NaOH is added to 1.00 L of each of the solutions.(a) 0.200 HONH2 (Kb = 1.1 10-8)(b) 0.200 M HONH3Cl(c) pure H2O(d) a mixture containing 0.200 M HONH2 and 0.200 M HONH3ClCalculate the pH of a solution that is 0.30 M HF and 1.00 M KF.A 25.0 mL sample of 0.100 M lactic acid (HC3H5O3, pKa = 3.86) is titrated with 0.100 M NaOH solution. Calculate the pH after the addition of the following amounts of NaOH.0.0 mL4.0 mL8.0 mL12.5 mLWhich of these solutions is a buffered solution?0.100 M HONH2 (Kb = 1.1 10-8)pure H2Oa mixture containing 0.100 M HONH2 and 0.100 M HONH3Cl0.100 M HONH3Clalculate the pH of each of the following buffered solutions.(a) 0.10 M acetic acid / 0.27 M sodium acetate(b) 0.27 M acetic acid / 0.10 M sodium acetate(c) 0.37 M acetic acid / 0.37 M sodium acetate(d) 0.50 M C2H5NH2 / 0.25 M C2H5NH3Cl(e) 0.57 M C2H5NH2 / 0.57 M C2H5NH3ClCalculate the pH of each of the following solutions.(a) 0.400 M HONH2 (Kb = 1.1 10-8)(b) 0.400 M HONH3Cl(c) pure H2O(d) a mixture containing 0.400 M HONH2 and 0.400 M HONH3ClCalculate the pH after 0.031 mol HCl is added to 1.00 L of each of the four solutions.(a) 0.100 M propanoic acid (HC3H5O2, Ka= 1.3 10-5)(b) 0.100 M sodium propanoate (NaC3H5O2)(c) pure H2O(d) a mixture containing 0.100 M HC3H5O2 and 0.100 M NaC3H5O2Calculate the pH after 0.12 mol of NaOH is added to 1.00 L of the solution that is 0.59 M HF and 1.08 M KF. Calculate the pH after 0.32 mol of HCl is added to 1.00 L of the solution that is 0.59 M HF and 1.08 M KF.