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the total quantity sold will usually be larger thanChoose one answer.a. if companies were interdependent.b. if perfect competition prevailed.c. if total costs were minimized.d. if profit were maximized.An industry characterized by a small number of dominant firms that face downward-sloping demand curves is best described as:Choose one answer.a. monopolistically competitive.b. an oligopoly.c. a monopoly.d. perfectly competitive.Which of the following distinctions helps to explain the difference between relevant and irrelevant cost?Choose one answer.a. historical cost vs. replacement costb. sunk cost vs. fixed costc. variable cost vs. incremental costd. accounting cost vs. direct costSimulation analysisChoose one answer.a. does not permit the calculation of expected value and standard deviation.b. permits the calculation of expected value and standard deviation.c. does not consider probabilities.d. is too complex to ever be used in actual business situations.Which of the following is the best example of a monopolistically competitive market?Choose one answer.a. The wheat market.b. The restaurant market.c. The electricity market.d. The market for automobiles.A perfectly competitive firm has the cost function: TC = 1000 + 2Q + 0.1 Q2What is the lowest price at which this firm can break even?Other things being equal

 

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January 13, 2022by

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Programming Assignment 1: UDP Ping Client and Server

Using UDP sockets, have client and server program in python that enables the client to determine the round-trip time (RTT) to the server. To determine the RTT delay, the client records the time on sending a ping request to the server, and then records the time on receiving a ping response from the server.  The difference in the two times is the RTT.

The ping message contains 2 4-byte integers and must be encoded in network-byte order as follows:

·        4-byte message type with an integer value of 1 or 2

o  Message type = 1 for a ping request (message from client to server)

o  Message type =2 for a ping response (message from server to client)

·        4-byte sequence number with a unique integer value starting from 1. In the ping response, the server should echo back the client’s sequence number.

The client program should take the following input parameters:

·        IP address of server

·        IP port of server

The client program will read in the above input parameters, and send 10 ping requests consecutively, waiting for a response each time, to the server running at the specified IP address and port. After each response is received, the client calculates and prints the RTT for the message. If no response is received within a certain amount of time (one second), the client notes that the request timed out and then sends the next request up to the maximum. The program output should print out trace information when data is sent and received, and account for error conditions. Trace output must include:

·        At start of output, print a message indicating the IP address and port of the server being pinged

·        For each ping response received, print RTT along with sequence number of ping message

·        For no ping response, print “Message timed out” along with sequence number of the ping message

·        After completion, print the following statistics (similar to output of UNIX ping utility);

o  Number of packets sent, received, lost (% loss rate)

o  Min, Max, Average RTT for all acknowledged ping packets

The server will wait in an infinite loop to receive ping requests from the client. On receiving a ping request, the server program will randomly decide whether to respond to ping requests to simulate network packet loss. In the case that the server responds, it sends a ping response containing the appropriate message type, and client sequence number. In the case that the server decides not to respond, no ping response is sent, and the server waits for another ping request. To implement random “loss”, the server should generate a random integer between 0 and 10 and if the result is < 4, do not respond to the packet.

In a ping request, the application data has the following format:

  0                       1                     2                         3                          4      (bytes)       

   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   |                 Message Type (1= request)                                  |

   ——————————————————————————–

   |                      Message sequence number (e.g. 5)                  |

   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

In a ping response, the application data has the following format:

  0                       1                     2                         3                          4      (bytes)       

   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   |                 Message Type (2 = response)                                |

   ——————————————————————————–

   |                      Message sequence number   (e.g. 5)               |

   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Examples of the client program trace output are as follows:

Pinging 127.0.0.1, 12000:

Ping message number 1 timed out

Ping message number 2 RTT: 0.002154 secs

….

Ping message number 10 RTT: 0.000194 secs

Examples of the server program trace output are as follows:

The server is ready to receive on port: 12000

Message with sequence number 1 dropped

Responding to ping request with sequence number 2

…

Responding to ping request with sequence number 10

Notes:

1.     Timestamp Resolution:

When testing your program, especially when running client and server on the same host, you might find little difference in the timestamp values. The values will depend on the test environment, and timer resolution on your machine. If there are issues, you should simulate longer delays, by adding in a random “wait” or “sleep” function on the server before sending a ping response on receipt of a message.

 

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January 13, 2022by

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VCDD290-1104A-04 Visual Communication History Assignment Name: Unit 3 Individual Project Deliverable Length: 1 Timeline Details: The next project is to create a timeline using the provided timeline template for Microsoft Word.Create a timeline of the major designs and developments in the field of art and design. Your timeline should focus on the years 1500-1950 CE and include at least three different genres in art and design. It should also include a brief description of what inventions allowed these designs to happen and what historical events influenced the development of these works. You can include pictures, descriptions, and artists. Use proper APA citations for all works cited.Please submit your assignment.Points Possible: 150 Date Due: Sunday, Oct 23, 2011 Objective: •Demonstrate the ability to form an argument based on research and observation.•Demonstrate effective research skills. Demonstrate the ability to organise and present information and research clearly and effectively.Submitted Files: Submit Assignment Score: N/A Here are a couple great sites for learning how to create a timeline:http:// the Megg’s textbook Part III p. 134 for more information about technology and visual communications.When asked to include 3 different “genres” you are to choose 3 different kinds of art or design that are good examples for the inventions that allowed them to be created. These examples of art or design need to be exemplary of the time period and represent the outcome of the invention. You also need to research what historical events led to the development of these inventions and designs.Have a great week 3. Please email me if you have any questions

 

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January 13, 2022by

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Hello, I am looking for someone to write an article on The History of the Conflict between Israel and Arab. It needs to be at least 1750 words. With the formations of international forums and peacekeeping organizations like that of the United Nations, the number of conflicts reduced further and even if there erupted any conflict, the international community of the present-day initiates abrupt measures to pacify such moments of heat. One important observation that can be made, based upon the international happenings, is that the world today operates on the basis of consensus and discussions rather than one-sided expansions and attacks. The concerned quarters view such developments are the result of the two world wars that the global community faced and the huge losses that all the participating nations had to incur.

Even though the numbers of conflicts reduced considerably in the latter half of the twentieth century, yet few of the issues of international conflicts are far away from being resolved. Among those cases, Arab – Israel conflict undoubtedly tops the list. The other conflicts include that of India – Pakistan and many of the conflicts among the European nations.

In order to trace the history of the conflict between Israel and Arabs, one has to revert back to the Sykes-Picot Agreement that was signed on the 16th of May of 1916. This agreement was very special in zonal politics and international relations in the area that was previously ruled by the Ottoman Empire. As the Ottoman Empire was no more prevalent, with the help of this agreement, the areas were divided among the then European superpowers i.e. Great Britain, France, and Russia. Among the imperialist powers, it was Great Britain that gained access where the present troubled states are located (Hobby, 2003).

In order to avoid confusion regarding the administrative and geographical differences in between the allied powers like that of Great Britain and France that had closed boundaries in various areas of Arab, they&nbsp.came up with a draft mandate to settle various technical issues.

 

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