CJ 500 3-1 Discussion: Plea Bargaining

For this discussion, first read:

• Library Article: State incentives, plea-bargaining regulation, and the failed market for indigent defense
• Library Article: The innocence effect
• Library Article: Logical but Incompetent Plea Decisions: A New Approach to Plea Bargaining Grounded in Cognitive Theory

An overwhelming majority of criminal cases are settled by plea bargaining rather than by trial. If an individual has been charged with a crime, the prosecutor may offer a reduction of charge in exchange for a guilty plea. If individuals exercise their rights and demand a jury trial, it is more likely they will be charged with a more serious crime (as opposed to taking a lesser offense), and, if convicted, they will likely be given a longer sentence.In your initial post, answer the following questions:

• What are the criminological theories or rationale behind the plea bargaining process?
• What strategy would you incorporate to remove the disparity in bargaining power?
• What evidence-based argument would you use in dealing with this strategy?

In responding to at least two of your classmates, identify at least one evidence-based argument in support of the plea bargaining process and one argument against plea bargaining. Provide citations from their posts as well as from the module textbook reading, the additional resource, and your own research.

To complete this assignment, review the Discussion Rubric document.

Complete 4 page APA formatted essay: International financial market.

The above equation evaluates the return on a risky asset in terms of (a) its minimum compensation and (b) its potential risk compensation. Within the thinking on modern portfolio theory, the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) establishes the theoretical relationship between risk and return, where average expected investor return is determined by the average market return, as shown below:

β represents market sensitivity. An investor can, hence, estimate returns (r) by understanding β, the risk inherent in the stock, when only the stock’s history is considered. In a well diversified portfolio, though, the volatility of the individual stock has little influence on the portfolio’s overall performance. Empirical data gathered in investigations of CAPM, however, argues against the predictions of the model and this has largely invalidated many applications of the model.

Portfolio Theory is focused on investors. Two fundamental choices have to be made: what proportion of risky assets should be included in the portfolio. and asset allocation, which depends on the conservative or aggressive requirements of the investor.

The theory of diversification allows lower standard deviations and variances of returns within a portfolio. Additionally, the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) suggests that the prices of assets fully reflect available information: the implication is that the market cannot be consistently outperformed, since future share prices cannot be predicted based on historical data (weak-form efficiency). share prices adjust immediately to all available information (semi-strong-form efficiency). share prices reflect public and private information (strong-form efficiency).

Diversification suggests two subsequent approaches to the management of the portfolio: active management requires the selection of stocks and the timing of the market, whereas passive management requires the purchase and long-term