1, For your initial post, select and answer at least two of the following questions below. You may use more than two questions if you wish.

1. How do you define modernist literature and how does it relate to one of the readings this week?
2. How do you define dystopian fiction and how does it relate to one of the readings this week?
3. How do you relate our society to the dystopian author’s view of what would come of the 21st century?
4. Dystopian and modernist authors often portrayed a bleak future for humanity. Do you think these concerns are relevant today? Why or Why not?

Your initial post should name the specific work(s) and use quotes or lines from the week’s readings. Be sure to acknowledge the source.

For responses to your peers, you may choose to reply to more than one student. Work to make your initial discussion post thoughtful and detailed – and respond to one or more students with the same careful thought and be specific.

2, As you explored three major categories this week with modernism, post-modernism, and post-colonial literature, what were your favorite author and short story of the readings? Why?

For your initial post, choose one of the readings to discuss. Please refer to the specific elements of the category that you found in the text as well as direct quotes and lines from the reading. You may choose more than one story if you like, but the minimum is to discuss at least one of the short story readings in detail.

• Name the work and author
• Give at least three examples from the reading
• Explain how what characteristics were evident in the story that made it modernist, post-modernist, or postcolonial according to your course content lessons folder. Please note: You may include magical realism under the post-colonial category.

Responses to your peers should include substantial additions to the peer post. Refer to the Module 03 literary terms list for the week for suggestions on where to focus your responses. Your reply post ideally should be on a different reading than the one you chose for your initial post for optimal discussion.

1. Erna Corp. has 8 million shares of common stock outstanding. The current share price is $73, and the book value per share is $7. Erna Corp. also has two bond issues outstanding. The first bond issue has a face value of $85 million, has a 7 percent coupon, and sells for 97 percent of par. The second issue has a face value of $50 million, has an 8 percent coupon, and sells for 108 percent of par. The first issue matures in 21 years, the second in 6 years. Suppose the most recent dividend was $4.10 and the dividend growth rate is 6 percent. Assume that the overall cost of debt is the weighted average of that implied by the two outstanding debt issues. Both bonds make semiannual payments. The tax rate is 35 percent. What is the company’s WACC?2. Jiminy’s Cricket Farm issued a 30-year, 8 percent semiannual bond 3 years ago. The bond currently sells for 93 percent of its face value. The company’s tax rate is 35 percent. Suppose the book value of the debt issue is $60 million. In addition, the company has a second debt issue on the market, a zero coupon bond with 10 years left to maturity; the book value of this issue is $35 million, and the bonds sell for 57 percent of par. What is the company’s total market value of debt? What is your best estimate of the aftertax cost of debt?3. Paget, Inc., has a target debt−equity ratio of 1.25. Its WACC is 9.2 percent, and the tax rate is 35 percent. 3a. If the company’s cost of equity is 14 percent, what is its pretax cost of debt? 3b. If instead you know that the aftertax cost of debt is 6.8 percent, what is the cost of equity? 4. You are given the following information for Lightning Power Co. Assume the company’s tax rate is 35 percent. par; the bonds make semiannual payments. Common stock: 310,000 shares outstanding, selling for $57 per share; the beta is 1.05. Preferred stock: 15,000 shares of 4 percent preferred stock outstanding, currently selling for $72 per share. Market: 7 percent market risk premium and 4.5 percent risk-free rate. What is the company’s WACC?5. Titan Mining Corporation has 8.5 million shares of common stock outstanding, 250,000 shares of 5 percent preferred stock outstanding, and 135,000 7.5 percent semiannual bonds outstanding, par value $1,000 each. The common stock currently sells for $34 per share and has a beta of 1.25, the preferred stock currently sells for $91 per share, and the bonds have 15 years to maturity and sell for 114 percent of par. The market risk premium is 7.5 percent, T-bills are yielding 4 percent, and Titan Mining’s tax rate is 35 percent.a. What is the firm’s market value capital structure?b. If Titan Mining is evaluating a new investment project that has the same risk as the firm’s typical project, what rate should the firm use to discount the project’s cash flows? 6. Suppose your company needs $15 million to build a new assembly line. Your target debt−equity ratio is .60. The flotation cost for new equity is 8 percent, but the flotation cost for debt is only 5 percent. Your boss has decided to fund the project by borrowing money because the flotation costs are lower and the needed funds are relatively small.a. What is your company’s weighted average flotation cost, assuming all equity is raised externally? b. What is the true cost of building the new assembly line after taking flotation costs into account?7. Caughlin Company needs to raise $55 million to start a new project and will raise the money by selling new bonds. The company will generate no internal equity for the foreseeable future. The company has a target capital structure of 70 percent common stock, 5 percent preferred stock, and 25 percent debt. Flotation costs for issuing new common stock are 9 percent, for new preferred stock, 6 percent, and for new debt, 3 percent. What is the true initial cost figure the company should use when evaluating its project?8. Scanlin, Inc., is considering a project that will result in initial aftertax cash savings of $1.8 million at the end of the first year, and these savings will grow at a rate of 2 percent per year indefinitely. The firm has a target debt–equity ratio of .80, a cost of equity of 12 percent, and an aftertax cost of debt of 4.8 percent. The cost-saving proposal is somewhat riskier than the usual project the firm undertakes; management uses the subjective approach and applies an adjustment factor of 2 percent to the cost of capital for such risky projects. What is the maximum intital cost the company would be willing to pay for the project?9. Ying Import has several bond issues outstanding, each making semiannual interest payments. The bonds are listed in the following table. If the corporate tax rate is 34 percent, what is the aftertax cost of Ying’s debt?——————————————————————————– 10. Berta Industries stock has a beta of 1.25. The company just paid a dividend of $.40, and the dividends are expected to grow at 5 percent. The expected return on the market is 12 percent, and Treasury bills are yielding 5.5 percent. The most recent stock price for Berta is $72.a. Calculate the cost of equity using the DCF method.b. Calculate the cost of equity using the SML method.