1. I:7-63 Following is a list of information for Peter and Amy Jones for the current tax year. Peter and Amy are married and have three children, Aubrynne, Bryson, and Caden. They live at 100 Main Street, Anytown, USA 00000. Peter is a lawyer working for a Native American law firm. Amy works part-time in a genetic research lab. The Jones’ Social Security numbers and ages are as follows:
2. NameS.S. No.AgePeter111-11-111132Amy222-22-222228Aubrynne333-33-33335Bryson444-44-44443Caden555-55-55551
3. ReceiptsPeter’s salary$70,000Amy’s salary32,000Interest income on municipal bonds2,400Interest income on certificate of deposit (Universal Savings)3,100Dividends on GM stock1,600
4. DisbursementsEyeglasses and exam for Aubrynne$ 600Orthodontic work for Bryson to correct a congenital defect2,500Medical insurance premiums, after-tax basis1,800Withholding for state income taxes7,200Withholding for federal income taxes16,000State income taxes paid with last year’s tax return (paid when the return was filed in the current year)500Property taxes on home1,100Property taxes on automobile300Interest on home9,700Interest on credit cards200Cash contribution to church3,900
5. In addition to the above, on September 17, Peter and Amy donate some Beta Trader, Inc. stock to Lakeville Community College. Beta Trader, Inc. is publicly traded. The FMV of the stock on the date of the contribution is $700. Peter and Amy had purchased the stock on November 7, 2003 for $300.
6. Compute Peter and Amy’s income tax liability for the current year using Form 1040, Schedules A and B, and Form 8283, if necessary.
7. I:7-64 Kelly and Chanelle Chambers, ages 47 and 45, are married and live at 584 Thoreau Drive, Boston, MA 59483. Kelly’s Social Security number is 111-11-1111 and Chanelle’s is 222-22-2222. The Chambers have two children: Emma, age 23, and Chet, age 19. Their Social Security numbers are 333-33-3333 and 444-44-4444, respectively. Emma is a single college student and earned $8,000 during the summer. Kelly and Chanelle help Emma through school by paying for her room, board, and tuition. Emma lives at home during the summer. Chet has a physical handicap and lives at home. He attends a local university and earned $4,000 working for a marketing firm. In sum, Kelly and Chanelle provide more than 50% of both Emma’s and Chet’s total support for the year.
8. Kelly is a commercial pilot for a small airline. His salary is $95,000, from which $19,000 of federal income tax and $8,000 of state income tax were withheld. Kelly also pays premiums for health, disability, and life insurance. $2,000 of the premium was for health insurance, $250 for disability, and $400 for life insurance.
9. Chanelle owns Alliance Networks, a proprietorship that does network consulting. During the year, Chanelle’s gross revenues were $23,000. She incurred the following expenses in her business:
10. Liability insurance$ 700Software rental5,400Journals and magazines150Training seminars1,200Supplies1,300Donations to a political campaign fund800
11. Kelly enjoys playing guitar and plays in a band. Kelly’s band has developed a local following. This year, his gross revenues were $1,200 for playing shows and $700 on CD sales. He incurred the following expenses:
12. Studio rent expense$1,300Sound system repairs200CD production500New guitar and amplifier800
13. Kelly’s father passed away during the year. Kelly and Chanelle received $100,000 from the life insurance policy. Neither Kelly nor Chanelle paid any of the premiums.
14. Chanelle purchased 100 shares of Thurston Co. stock on May 1, 1991, for $1,000. Thurston Co. was declared bankrupt during the current year.
15. Chet’s physician recommended that he see a physical therapist to help with his disability. Kelly paid the therapist $7,000 during the year because his insurance would not cover the bills.
16. Kelly and Chanelle went to Las Vegas and won $5,000 at the blackjack table. The next night, they lost $6,000.
17. Kelly and Chanelle gave $900 to their church and, during the year, they had the following other income and expenses:
18. Real estate taxes$1,400Property taxes on car (determined by value)500Home mortgage interest9,000Credit card finance charges2,600Tax return preparation fees ($600 is allocable to Chanelle’s business)1,000Sales tax on purchases during the year6,200Interest from a savings account800Interest from City of Boston Bonds700Dividend from 3M stock400
19. Prepare Kelly and Chanelle’s tax return Form 1040 and Schedules A, B, C, D, and SE for the current year

The final exam will be composed of content from the last quarter of the course (see study guide) and will also contain a cumulative section. The cumulative section of the exam will be drawn from the questions below that relate the big themes of the course. You should prepare for the cumulative part of the final by completing the questions below and expecting to answer some of these questions during the final exam period (~5 questions). You will not be allowed to bring the sheets into the exam

1.      Physiology examines proximal and ultimate causes. Choose a physiological process from our studies of either circulation or excretion and explain the proximal (mechanistic cause, i.e. mechanism) and explain the ultimate cause (adaptive significance). Also explain how our understanding of this process is an interdisciplinary pursuit, making use of various scientific sub-disciplines (show how many disciplines are involved in interpreting the data, give three) (10 points).

2.      We spent some time examining the shared derived characteristics of animals (in lab and lecture) from a variety of representative phyla from the animal kingdom. Choose one or more of these animals and describe how they fit into the phyla they belong to, defining the characteristics as needed (e.g. coelomates vs. non-coelomates etc). In addition, choose one clear physiological process from your animal(s) of interest and explain how it works, also drawing comparisons to similar processes in other (maybe higher) organisms (15 points).

3.      One of the important jobs of mammals is the movement of glucose across the intestinal epithelium. Knowing what you do-about the structure of glucose, explain why it can’t easily pass through a phospholipid bilayer. Also, explain all of the transport mechanisms needed to allow the movement of glucose into the blood from the lumen of the gut and then finally into either muscles or the liver (15 points)

4.      Organisms rely on diverse modes of feeding that vary. Animals have different dietary needs, they forage in different ways, they are specifically adapted for the acquisition and digestion of different nutrients. Write-one paragraph that describes how a given animal is particularly suited to the way it feeds and some limitation this animal experiences (10 points).

5.      Various forms of metabolism are employed across species that differ in when they are and what their starting and end products are (e.g. Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Metabolism) (10 points)

6.      Choose a special sense process (e.g. Vision or Hearing, or another one of your choosing) and explain how the special sense organ acts as a transducer, changing one form of stimulus into another (an action potential). Be sure to describe the detailed physiology, including important anatomical components where necessary (10 points).

7.      Define poikilotherm and homeotherm, highlighting how they are different. Both homeotherms and poikilotherms do not have the exact temperature of their surroundings, but have the ability to regulate their body temperature to accommodate their needs. Describe (explaining a few examples for each) how these animals are able to accomplish these ‘thermal feats’ (10 points).

8.      Use diagrams and sentences to explain action potentials, being sure to include the following terms: .Stimulus, depolarization, repolarization, after hyperpolarization, subthreshold stimulus, threshold stimulus, resting membrane potential, activation gates, inactivation gates, mechanical stimulation, hyperpolarization, axon hillock or trigger zone, Na+ channels, K+ channels, refractory period (10 points).

9.      The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems form an autonomic efferent system. What does that mean? Describe the anatomy of these systems including the names of the neurons, the neurotransmitters they produce, and the receptors that are present on effector cells and tissues. Speak to the important role of receptor diversification in allowing varied responses with each branch of this system (e.g. how does receptor diversification contribute to sympathetic effects on bronchioles vs. heart rate or contraction strength) (15 points).

10.      Blood pressure is altered by changes in cardiac output and peripheral resistance. Draw a diagram that relates the various stimuli that control blood pressure and explain specifically the contribution of three ways using a couple of sentences. Please also comment on what is meant by the Frank-Starling Law of the heart and how it is considered to be an intrinsic property (15 points).