Provide a 5 pages analysis while answering the following question: Decision Making in Paramedic. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required. Joshua in making his decision concerning the diagnosis of Samuel settles on the diagnosis to be a severe asthma attack with possible musculoskeletal involvement. Intuitively, this decision could be influenced by his learning and work exposure. As a volunteer firefighter, Joshua might have probably been influenced by the cases he had witnessed in other paramedical emergencies that befitted the same diagnosis. Tanya in her decision of settling on the diagnosis of Samuel to be an asthma attack could be influenced by the pattern reasoning based on policy guidelines that she has been part of its development. This could equally be influenced by the fact that Tanya had not been exposed to a significant number of situations where asthma exists with other comorbid conditions (Frederick 2005, pp.25–42).

Hypothetico-deductive reasoning can be used in the situation of Samuel as a means of elimination of other potential diagnoses. Hypothetico-deductive reasoning model employs the scientific model in the elimination of the unfavourable or undesirable decisions. The model involves the setting of hypothesis then testing the feasibility of the hypothesis to arrive at a decision (Sprenger 2011, pp.497). Application of hypothetico-deductive reasoning would first entail the use of experience in making the diagnosis. The decision maker would consider the problem and attempts to make sense out of the situation. The person then gathers data and look for the previous explanation that may be related to the problem. The second step is the formation of hypothesis. prediction of the feasibility of the hypothesis is then determined to ascertain its accuracy. The process then resolves with testing of the hypothesis. Testing of the hypothesis is done by looking for evidence and through observation that will help in eliminating other potential diagnosis and helps the decision maker to arrive at the best possible diagnosis. Application of Hypothetico-deductive reasoning in the case of Samuel would help the paramedics to eliminate the potential diagnosis of angina and asthma as they would be distinctively be eliminated through hypothesis testing process (Guerrero et al. 2005, pp.1343).&nbsp.&nbsp.

Question 1 of 31

Which is more likely to dissolve in water? A. olive oil B. glucose C. wax D. fat

Question 2 of 31

A bond between two atoms that occurs frequently, but does not require much energy to break is referred to as what? A. Ionic bond B. van der Waals Interactions C. Hydrogen bond D. Covalent bond

Question 3 of 31

Why are lipids insoluble in water? A. they are very large B. they are polar molecules C. they are very small D. they are nonpolar molecules

Question 4 of 31

An atom that does not contain equal numbers of protons and electrons is referred to as what? A. Carbon dating B. Ion C. Electron transfer D. Bond

Question 5 of 31

When referring to pH, an example of something that is alkaline includes what?

A. water B. baking soda C. orange juice D. stomach acid

Question 6 of 31

Proteins include all of the following except what? A. phospholipids B. DNA C. water D. hormones

Question 7 of 31

At the most fundamental level, what is life made up of? A. atom B. isotope C. neutron D. matter

Question 8 of 31 Which is one of the most abundant natural biopolymers on Earth, only found in plants? A. glycogen B. chitin C. cellulose D. starch

Question 9 of 31

Practically speaking, a buffer is the reason for what? A. Why water tastes different to each of us B. Why we shouldn’t eat white bread C. Why gardens are a good hobby D. Why we can ingest acidic substances and not die

Part 2 of 7 – Chapter 12

Question 10 of 31

How has molecular systematics changed the how organisms had been classified? A. Molecular systematics has confirmed earlier classifications. B. Classification has reverted to the Linnean system based on molecular systematics. C. Sometimes errors are uncovered and taxa are reclassified from molecular systematics. D. Morphologic homology has allowed for the calibration of a molecular clock.

Question 11 of 31

Currently the diversity of all life on earth is contained in 3 domains which are: A. Bacteria, Animals, Plants B. Phylum, Class, Order C. Family, Genus, Species D. Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya

Question 12 of 31 What term describes the forelimb bones of a bird, bat, horse, whale and human? A. apomorphy B. analogous C. synapomorphy D. homologous

Question 13 of 31 What is a diagram used to represent evolutionary relationships between taxa called? A. clade B. branch C. systematic D. phylogeny

Question 14 of 31 What is the scientific name of wolves in binomial nomenclature? A. Wolves and Dogs B. Mammalia C. Canidae Family D. Canis lupus

Question 15 of 31

What is a group of closely related organisms and their common ancestor on a phylogeny? A. vertebrate B. outgroup C. clade D. synapomorphy

Question 16 of 31

Which assumption of cladistics is correctly stated? A. There are multiple universal last common ancestors (LUCA). B. Traits remain homologous and unchanged from one state to another. C. The polarity of a character state change can be determined. D. Speciation can produce two to four new species.

Question 17 of 31

What term describes the wings of insects, bats, and birds? A. apomorphy B. homologous C. synapomorphy D. analogous

Question 18 of 31

Which best describes the assumption maximum parsimony is built on?

A. All of life evolves as a goal driven process under the direction of a higher power. B. Molecular data is superior to morphological data when reconstructing evolutionary events. C. Shared derived characteristics define monophyletic groups. D. Evolutionary events occurred in the simplest, most obvious way.

Part 3 of 7 – Lecture ELF

Question 19 of 31

What is the term for microevolutionary changes that accumulate over a long time period resulting in different species and significant variation among living organisms? A. Natural Selection B. Microevolution C. Coevolution D. Macroevolution E. Convergent Evolution

Question 20 of 31 Which is the only evolutionary process that results in adaptation? A. Natural Selection B. Reproductive Isolation C. Artificial Selection D. Genetic Drift E. Allele Frequency

Question 21 of 31

Which pattern of microevolution would result in a population of peas, for example, that were a mix of short and tall? A. stabilizing B. directional C. disruptive D. artificial

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Part 4 of 7 – Part 3: Lab ELF

Question 22 of 31

Which scientist helped develop the cell theory? A. Robert FitzRoy B. Charles Darwin C. Robert Hooke D. Gregor Mendel E. Christopher Wren

Question 23 of 31

Why did scientists put shrimp on a treadmill? A. To measure free radicals affecting crustaceans B. To determine how fast crustaceans can run C. To educate the public about pollution D. To compare data to human “stress tests” E. To provide therapy to injured crustaceans

Question 24 of 31

Which of the following is considered a secondary source of research? A. Published books B. Conference papers C. Lab notebooks D. Peer-reviewed journals E. Theses compositions

Part 5 of 7 – Lab Material 15.0 Points

Question 25 of 31

Which tetrapod species is an intermediate between fish and tetrapod, seemingly neither of these forms? A. Ichthyostega B. Eusthenopteron C. Tiktaalik D. Pederpes E. Tulerpeton

Question 26 of 31

When did the roots of our modern brain become evident? A. 5 million years ago B. 100 billion years ago C. 12 billion years ago D. 500 million years ago

Question 27 of 31

Which was the first (e.g. oldest) fossil in the tetrapod list? A. Tiktaalik B. Ichthyostega C. Eusthenopteron D. Tulerpeton E. Pederpes

Question 28 of 31

Notharctus developed features in the hand that are similar to modern humans. What is one of these? A. flat hands B. short fingers C. sharp claws D. divergent thumb